To set the direction for the gradient, click Direction. Pick a Type from the list. Click Gradient > More Gradients > Gradient fill. Click the shape, and when the Format tab appears, click Shape Fill.
Gradient For Microsoft Word 2011 Mac Mini Mac2011 Microsoft Word Track Changes Instructions (Mac) Step 1: Open your document in Microsoft Word 2011 and click on the Review tab. Box 3-1 includes the definitions of structural inequities and the social determinants of health.Mac mini Mac Pro MacBook Air MacBook Pro 13' MacBook Pro 16' macOS Big Sur macOS Monterey watchOS 7 watchOS 8 WWDC 2021 Guides. The second, and more fundamental root cause of health inequity, is the unequal allocation of power and resources—including goods, services, and societal attention—which manifest in unequal social, economic, and environmental conditions, also called the social determinants of health. The first is the intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional, and systemic mechanisms that organize the distribution of power and resources differentially across lines of race, gender, class, sexual orientation, gender expression, and other dimensions of individual and group identity (see the following section on such structural inequities for examples). The report identifies two main clusters of root causes of health inequity. Health inequity, categories and examples of which were discussed in the previous chapter, arises from social, economic, environmental, and structural disparities that contribute to intergroup differences in health outcomes both within and between societies.Microsoft Word launched in 193 and Excel followed in 195. It is important to understand the underlying causes and conditions of health inequities to inform equally complex and effective interventions to promote health equity.of Microsoft Excel The training uses Excel 2011 for an Apple Mac. The factors that make up the root causes of health inequity are diverse, complex, evolving, and interdependent in nature. If you are in a different view, click this icon and scroll to find. You must be in this view to see all changes made by your editor.HOW STRUCTURAL INEQUITIES, SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH, AND HEALTH EQUITY CONNECTHealth inequities are systematic differences in the opportunities groups have to achieve optimal health, leading to unfair and avoidable differences in health outcomes ( Braveman, 2006 WHO, 2011). This literature is discussed below in the sections on structural inequities and the social determinants of health. Furthermore, there is mounting evidence that focusing programs, policies, and investments on addressing these conditions can improve the health of vulnerable populations and reduce health disparities ( Bradley et al., 2016 Braveman and Gottlieb, 2014 Thornton et al., 2016 Williams and Mohammed, 2013). For the purposes of this report, the social determinants of health are: education employment health systems and services housing income and wealth the physical environment public safety the social environment and transportation.Context contribute to health inequities. The social determinants of health are the conditions in the environments in which people live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks.The social, environmental, economic, and cultural determinants of health are the terrain on which structural inequities produce health inequities. Policies that foster inequities at all levels (from organization to community to county, state, and nation) are critical drivers of structural inequities. Structural inequities are the personal, interpersonal, institutional, and systemic drivers—such as, racism, sexism, classism, able-ism, xenophobia, and homophobia—that make those identities salient to the fair distribution of health opportunities and outcomes. In elementary school there are persistent differences across racial and ethnic divisions in rates of discipline and levels of reading attainment, rates that are not associated with any differences in intelligence metrics ( Howard, 2010 Losen et al., 2015 Reardon et al., 2012 Skiba et al., 2011 Smith and Harper, 2015). Although the science is still evolving, it is hypothesized that the chronic stress associated with being treated differently by society is responsible for these persistent differential birth outcomes ( Christian, 2012 El-Sayed et al., 2015 Strutz et al., 2014 Witt et al., 2015). Such structural inequities give rise to large and preventable differences in health metrics such as life expectancy, with research indicating that one’s zip code is more important to health than one’s genetic code ( RWJF, 2009).The impact of structural inequities follows individuals “from womb to tomb.” For example, African American women are more likely to give birth to low-birthweight infants, and their newborns experience higher infant death rates that are not associated with any biological differences, even after accounting for socioeconomic factors ( Braveman, 2008 Hamilton et al., 2016 Mathews et al., 2015). Because the quality of neighborhoods and schools significantly shapes the life trajectory and the health of the adults and children, race- and class-differentiated access to clean, safe, resource-rich neighborhoods and schools is an important factor in producing health inequity. Structural inequities create differences in the ability to participate andHave a voice in policy and political decision making, and even to participate in the arguably most fundamental aspect of our democracy, voting ( Blakely et al., 2001 Carter and Reardon, 2014). Lending policies continue to create differences in home ownership, small business development, and other asset development ( Pager and Shepherd, 2008). Structural inequities affect hiring policies, with both implicit and explicit biases creating differential opportunities along racial, gender, and physical ability divisions. One of the strongest predictors of life expectancy is high school graduation, which varies dramatically along class and race and ethnicity divisions, as do the rates of college and vocational school participation—all of which shape employment, income, and individual and intergenerational wealth ( Olshansky et al., 2012). Free floor plans software for macThese inequities produce systematic disadvantages, which lead to inequitable experiences of the social determinants of health (the next circle in the report model, which is discussed in detail later in this chapter) and ultimately shape health outcomes. Structural inequities encompass policy, law, governance, and culture and refer to race, ethnicity, gender or gender identity, class, sexual orientation, and other domains. In Figure 3-1, FIGURE 3-1 Report conceptual model for community solutions to promote health equity.NOTE: Structural inequities are highlighted to convey the focus of this section.The outermost circle and background indicate the context in which health inequities exist. STRUCTURAL INEQUITIESAs described above, structural inequities refers to the systematic disadvantage of one social group compared to other groups with whom they coexist that are deeply embedded in the fabric of society. The health of communities is dependent on the determinants of health. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorSerotonin ArchivesCategories |